Blane Perun Key West, Home of Unique Diving Opportunities Key West is an island in the Straits of Florida famous for watersports, amazing beaches, and crystal-clear waters. Worlds away from the mainland, the island provides diverse and unique diving opportunities. Here are just a couple of them: Divers can explore the mysterious Joe’s Tug The wreck was
Discover the Underwater Paradise: Diving in Cozumel Diving in Cozumel is not just an activity; it’s an experience that imprints on your soul. This Mexican island, nestled in the Caribbean Sea, is a magnet for divers from around the world, thanks to its crystal-clear waters, vibrant coral reefs, and abundant marine life. What sets Cozumel
Why Is the Coral Polyp Considered a Colonial Animal Featuring Such Genetic Diversity? It is well-known that coral polyps work together to build large reef structures through an extremely efficient and unique process, but why is the coral polyp considered a colonial animal, and what does that really mean? Also, how does colonial life influence
Why Is Coral Important to the Environment and How Does It Help the Marine Ecosystem? Even though, as humans, we can clearly see coral reefs’ contribution in helping us obtain food and protect our coastal buildings and cities, the question still arises, why is coral important to the marine ecosystem? Also, what is it about
Why Is Coral Bleaching a Problem and What Do We Have to Prepare for? “Why is coral bleaching a problem, and why should I really care?” This is one of hundreds of similar questions that you can find online with people not fully understanding the extent of the destruction that the current bleaching events could
Why Is Coral an Animal and What Are the Main Misconceptions About It? Why is coral an animal when it “clearly” looks like a type of mineral or plant? This is one question that always gets asked whenever people start to inquire about coral reefs and their main properties as marine creatures. Although corals might
Understanding the Deeper Details of Coral Bleaching: Why Do Corals Expel Zooxanthellae? When it comes to learning all there is to know about coral bleaching, one question rises above all other concerns: why do corals expel zooxanthellae? This process is at the basis of the bleaching process, and it often spells a slow death for
Understanding the Details of Coral Symbiosis: Why Are Zooxanthellae Important to Corals? Most people have only fleetingly heard about zooxanthellae and the role that this unique type of algae plays in maintaining corals and helping them survive, but why are zooxanthellae important to corals anyway? Couldn’t coral polyps simply thrive by eating plankton and capturing
Understanding Coral Defense: What Is the Purpose of the Tentacles of Coral Polyps? While studying the biology and behavior of corals, one might ask, what is the purpose of the tentacles of coral polyps? Aside from the nourishment corals receive from their zooxanthellae, it is a known fact that all corals get part of their
What Is Soft Coral and Why Is It Important for the Coral Reef Ecosystem? What is soft coral and what is its role in the marine ecosystem? Since hard, reef-building corals usually get all the attention due to their ability to create useful habitats and defensive “walls” to protect marine and coastal environments, soft corals
What Gives Coral Its Color and Why Are Reefs so Colorful? The question of what gives coral its color has been an interesting topic that fascinated scientists for several hundred years. As scientific researched advanced and the ability to look into the details of what makes up marine life at a cellular level continued to
Main Types of Coral Polyps – The Diversity and Evolution of Corals Despite the fact that many species of corals are threatened today, there are still numerous types of coral polyps still in existence. After an evolutionary process of about 500 million years, corals have become extremely diverse and resilient, and mass spawning between species
Coral Anatomy Explained: A Look at the Main Parts of a Coral Polyp Understanding the parts of a coral polyp is essential in understanding how corals work and how they are capable of forming the primary building blocks for marine habitats. Coral reefs are based on these tiny animals, and they depend on them for
Life Cycle of Coral Polyp Colonies and Individuals – Understanding Polyp Growth and Development When studying the life cycle of coral polyp, the evolution and growth of polyps, colonies and coral reefs all have to be put into perspective. Individual polyps have a unique life cycle, and like many cnidarians, they don’t die off as
How Many Known Species of Coral Are There and How Threatened Are They? How many known species of coral are there in the entire world? This is one question kids tend to ask that scientists are still having a hard time providing a good answer to. While mapping out coral reef species may have been
How Is Coral Formed and What Are the Main Factors that Influence Coral Reef Growth? There is much talk about coral reefs and the benefits they bring when it comes to keeping the ecosystem in balance and protecting coastal areas; but how is coral formed, and what are the main types of corals that form
How Fast Does Living Coral Grow and What Are the Main Influencing Factors? Whether you just have a casual interest in marine biology, or you’re very interested to know more about the underwater world to do your part to help the environment, you may be wondering: how fast does living coral grow? Coral growth can
How Fast Does Coral Grow: The Speed and Growth Patterns of Coral Reefs When considering the question “how fast does coral grow?”, scientists that study the formation and growth of coral reefs can provide you with a number of answers, each as unique as the species of coral it discusses. Measurements have been made to
How Does Coral Protect Itself Against Disease and Other Natural Stressors? While it might be hard to think of any natural defense mechanisms that corals could use to defend themselves against human-caused stressors such as overfishing, tourism and the direct fragmentation and selling of coral formations, it’s important to also ask: how does coral protect
How Do Corals Reproduce and What Are Their Most Important Reproductive Methods? How do corals reproduce and what do scientists know about the various reproductive methods employed by different species of corals? This is a topic that has been analyzed by marine biologists to a great extent in recent years. Coral reproduction can happen both
How Do Corals Eat and How Do They Obtain All Their Energy? Coral reef ecosystems are highly complex, and their growth rate is steady; but how do corals eat and what is it that allows them to expand their large skeletal growth to such an extent? Unlike it was initially thought, coral reefs are not
How Do Coral Polyps Reproduce Sexually – Helpful Details About Coral Reproduction How do coral polyps reproduce in most cases? While many species use asexual reproduction to increase their numbers, most of the coral species you are likely to encounter while diving actually use sexual reproduction. A great advantage in their ability to do so
How Do Coral Polyps Eat and What Do They Feed on? While coral populations are extremely complex, and the food exchange between polyps and zooxanthellae alone is enough to fill volumes, it’s important to ask the question, how do coral polyps eat, and what types of animals and food particles do they feed on? Because
How Do Coral Atolls Form and What Do We Need to Know About the Process? As science was just starting to skim the surface regarding the formation of coral reefs more than 100 years ago, many have asked the question, how do coral atolls form, and what are the specifics of their formation process? Even
The Most Important Brain Coral Facts That You Need to Know When considering the main brain coral facts that science is currently aware of, their longevity is among the first things to consider. However, brain corals are not just a boring organism that lives very long. Their intricate anatomy, unique physical characteristics and extremely close
Why is this an important issue when keeping track of the main characteristics of coral reef polyps and formations? Productivity is a key benefit, because it ensures survival for the coral itself and for the various types of species it supports. In an environment where food is scarce, the symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and coral
Anyone trying to find a solution to the problem of coral reef decline has to ask, why are coral reefs so fragile, and what would be required in order to save them from extinction? According to marine biologists, coral reef systems are extremely unstable and require a remarkable level of balanced when compared to other
When trying to find a viable solution against the worldwide decline of corals, it is essential to ask the question; why are coral reefs overexploited in the first place? Coral reefs are unimaginable sources of wealth. Through tourism, fishing and even the selling and exploitation of coral reefs and limestone, companies are making a fortune
Have you ever asked yourself, why are coral reefs important, and why do people make so much fuss about the conservation of coral reefs? Although global warming and the slow but certain decline of coral reef population seems to be a problem that’s unrelated when it comes to our day-to-day life, the disappearance of coral
When we think of the question “why are coral reefs important in a marine ecosystem?”, the impressive biodiversity of coral reefs immediately comes to mind. These systems support a large number of marine creatures with food, from the smallest krill and plankton to the largest whales and sharks, and offer shelter to numerous others. Overall,
When it comes to discussing the productivity and efficiency of corals, the question “why are coral reefs found in tropical waters?” is a curious one to consider. This specific topic gets to the core of the matter, pointing out the importance of an ideal combination of high efficiency and favorable conditions that might not be
Why are coral reefs dying today to a greater extent than any other time in recorded history? What are the factors that contribute to a higher death tool, and what can be done to diminish their reach? These questions are extremely important to answer in this day and age. As more and more people are
While it’s clear that global warming, overfishing and pollution have had a major impact on coral reef populations in recent decades, it’s important to ask: what kills coral reefs and what can we, as a responsible species on this planet, do to curb the negative effects that some of the stressors presented below might have?
While many used to believe the majestic underwater structures known as coral reefs were some form of undersea flora, corals are actually tiny animals that have a simple structure and live in a symbiotic relationship with a specific type of algae known as zooxanthellae. There are hundreds of species of corals currently known to inhabit
In most cases, the answer to the question of what happens when coral reefs die is that they are simply replaced by other coral polyp larvae, which go on to mature and form new reef formations. This is how it’s been for millions of years, and coral reefs have survived throughout the ages without any
If we want to find out exactly what forms the structure called a coral reef, we have to delve into chemistry and biology, while also taking a look at the formation of the main types of coral reef structures found in nature: atolls, fringing reefs and barrier reefs. While the chemical process required for the
Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystems in the ocean — rivaling tropical rainforests in the sheer number of species packed into a relatively small area. A single reef system can support thousands of fish species, tens of thousands of invertebrate species, and an extraordinary range of marine mammals, reptiles, and other animals that visit
Since coral reefs take their energy from several places, the question arises: what do coral reefs eat, and how does the process of transforming food into energy and reef formations occur? Understanding these details can help gain increased awareness on the types of organic and inorganic materials used by corals in order to thrive, maintain
Anyone who studied biology knows about the important role coral reef formations play in the promotion of biodiversity on our planet; but what do coral reefs do to support the global environment, and how does that tie in with its effects on humanity as a species and civilization? Coral reefs are a vital component that
Many people wonder, “what are coral reefs made of?” While protecting coral reefs is a noble cause, being educated about their construction and their biology is equally essential. In many cases, knowing more about coral reefs has allowed people and organizations to alter their habits and practices in such a way that they could effectively
When it comes to determining what the best location for coral growth might be, it is essential to find out in what environment coral reefs form and what the best conditions are for their ongoing thriving. Depending on geographic location and a number of other factors, corals might find it easier to form and reproduce.
Compared to many other habitats on land or in the water, coral reefs take up a minute amount of space, yet in answering the question of “how much of the ocean is coral reef”, we cannot ignore the importance and value associated with these complex marine habitats. Despite their small size, coral reefs are hubs
How many coral reefs are there in the world at this time? Although this question definitely doesn’t get asked often enough, counting reefs reveals a major environmental issue: the fact that coral reefs are dying and they need our help. Scientists use data regarding the number of reefs currently present to perform detailed comparisons and
Marine biologists often look for a clear answer to the question “how have coral reefs changed over time, and what does that mean for the future of the Earth?” Coral reefs are some of the oldest most unique living creatures on the face of the planet, and their evolution is a clear example of what
When it comes to examining the issue of blast fishing, it is essential to ask: how does dynamite fishing affect coral reefs? The answer is in the strength of the blast and the proximity to coral formations. The limestone that makes up coral structures may be resilient enough to at least partially withstand these blasts,
Have you been wondering, “how do coral reefs work and what are their basic structure and components that make these marvelous underwater environments so efficient?” You’ll find that the reef ecosystem is a highly complex and intricate system that features a large variety of plant life, algae and animals capable of using the “infrastructure” of
As we study coral reefs, the question often arises: how do algae help the coral reef, and why are they such an integral part of the process when it comes to reef building, the maintaining of coral reef biodiversity and so many other essential functions? Such issues have only been elucidated by scientists over long
How are coral reefs formed and how do scientists recommend that they be studied more closely? When speaking about coral reef structures, it’s important to know as much as possible about the lesser known details about their formation and resilience, the gradual formation and evolution of their ecosystems and the types of coral structures that
Exploring the Fascinating World of the North Pacific Giant Octopus The North Pacific Giant Octopus, scientifically known as Enteroctopus dofleini, is a captivating marine creature that has piqued the interest of scientists and marine enthusiasts alike. Known for its remarkable size and intelligence, this cephalopod is the largest octopus species in the world. Let’s dive
The Enigmatic Caribbean Reef Octopus: A Marvel of the Sea The Caribbean Reef Octopus (Octopus briareus) is one of the most fascinating marine creatures inhabiting the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. Known for its striking coloration and remarkable intelligence, this octopus species captivates both scientists and marine enthusiasts alike. Introduction The Caribbean Reef Octopus
Mysteries of the Blue-Ringed Octopus The Blue-Ringed Octopus, renowned for its vibrant blue rings and deadly venom, is a fascinating yet dangerous inhabitant of the marine world. Found primarily in tide pools and coral reefs of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, this small but potent creature has intrigued scientists and ocean enthusiasts alike. In this
The Fascinating World of the Atlantic Pygmy Octopus The Atlantic Pygmy Octopus, known scientifically as Octopus joubini, is a captivating marine creature that inhabits the shallow coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite its small size, this octopus species boasts a range of intriguing behaviors and adaptations that make it a subject of interest for
The Spanish dancer is a large species of nudibranch, a sea slug of a spectacular, bright red color. It is a species of dorid nudibranch, which means that it uses gills for breathing. Widespread across the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to Australia and from Hawaii to Africa, these beautiful creatures prefer waters up to
Named after the two ear-shaped protrusions worn by this creature on its head, the sea hare is a family of large marine slug species widespread wherever conditions are suitable (namely, where the water is sufficiently warm and shallow and the substrate is sandy). It can be found especially in intertidal areas that are not deeper
The lettuce sea slug is a species of soft-bodied marine mollusk deriving its name from the frilly, densely folded edges of its body that make it look like curly-leafed lettuce varieties. Found mostly in the tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean and some parts of the Caribbean, these slugs prefer reef areas and clear shallow
Cypraea tigris, also known as the tiger cowrie, is a species of marine snails widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, especially around Africa, Polynesia, Micronesia and Australia. They prefer shallow water areas not deeper than 40 m, especially live coral reefs, sandy substrate and seagrass meadows where food is plentiful and there are a lot of
“Nerite snail” is the name given to a family of medium-sized marine snails widespread across the southern hemisphere. They prefer intertidal, shallow waters where algae are plentiful and the water is well-oxygenated. The family was named after a Greek sea-god, a handsome young deity who was the lover of Aphrodite, but refused to join the
Nassarius snails – also called nassa mud snails – are small, but extremely efficient and hardy scavengers. The genus of marine invertebrates comprises over 800 species. They are common in all the seas and oceans around the world – wherever there are sandy or muddy, flat areas on the substrate, these little creatures will appear
The Mexican red foot snail, also known as the red foot moon snail, is a species of medium sized gastropoda widespread along the Pacific coast, from Monterey to Baja. These spectacular snails prefer shallow waters that are not as warm as tropical waters and regions that have plenty of kelp, especially giant kelp that the
The bumble bee snail, also called wasp snail, derives its name from its spectacular appearance: both the body and the shell of the snail feature yellow and black stripes organized in a pattern that resembles the pattern seen on bumble bees. Found in the Red Sea and in the Indo-Pacific region, these carnivore snails thrive
Abalone is the common name used for referring to over 50 species of marine mollusks, some of them tiny, others large. Abalones have an almost worldwide distribution, being found mostly in the shallow cold water areas around every continent. There are only a few exceptions, such as the Pacific coast of the South American continent,
People sometimes use terms such as “whales,” “dolphins” and “porpoises” interchangeably. However, far from being members of the same species, these marine mammals are all unique and quite different when it comes to their physical constitution, size, shape and behavior. In terms of their taxonomy, both porpoises and dolphins are cetaceans and members of the
As is the case with most marine mammals and fish, calculating the correct life expectancy and average life span for most species and individual creatures can be extremely difficult. The life spans themselves can be long, especially for mammals such as whales, and dolphins are also known for their longer life expectancy, most particularly in
Unlike most deep diving mammals, dolphins are far more similar to humans with respect to the amount of time they can hold their breath underwater. Despite this fact, their unique anatomy allow dolphins more freedom of movement at greater depths, and going back to the surface for a breath of air can be done with
Sea turtles have an impressive lung capacity and an ability to dive for several hours. As marine reptiles that require air instead of water, they have to make frequent trips to the surface in order not to drown. They can, however, submerge their bodies to great depths as well, and they are known for their
Also known as “coral reef snakes,” sea snakes are venomous marine snakes that are divided into more than 60 different species. Having evolved from snakes living on the land, they gradually reached a point where they began spending most of their time in the water, often being found in coral reef habitats and other areas
Sea snakes are some of the most unusual creatures in the sea. Highly venomous, versatile, air-breathing reptiles, they require occasional trips to the surface in order to get their necessary intake of air. However, their biology has evolved differently when compared to any other reptile, and they were even discovered to be capable of breathing
Lizards are among the most curious reptiles in the animal kingdom, and their behavioral traits and communication methods spark the interest of both scientists and regular people alike. Male lizards are able to perform many complex movements and gestures to indicate anything from a desire for showing sexual interest in members of another sex, to
Lizards are extremely diverse when it comes to mating and reproduction rituals. There are many different approaches and times used by different species of lizard, depending on favorable circumstances and the specific behavioral and biological traits of each species. Unlike in the case of most species, the larger and stronger males aren’t necessarily the ones
Although some reptiles are known to live for more than 100 years, most of them are not lizards. Still, unless compared to chelonians such as turtles and tortoises, lizards have a respectable life expectancy. With many of them known to reach an average life span of 15-20 years, lizards can fare quite well in the
The marine iguana is a reptile species that resides solely in the relatively sheltered ecosystem of Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands. This, in and of itself, is one of the reasons why marine iguanas have become endangered in the first place, their relatively isolated existence being threatened by natural catastrophes and disease. However, the recent advent of
Marine iguanas living on the Galapagos islands have a highly selective eating process. They only feed on certain algae, and also prefer the excrement of their own species and that of several others. This behavior, along with the practice of feeding on various land plants, however, is not common. Marine iguanas can spend as much
Among land and water-based reptiles, marine iguanas are quite unique. They spend much of their time on land, and they have evolved into becoming excellent climbers, climbing rocks and cliffs in order to find the areas with the best available sunlight. Like many reptiles, this species of iguana, exclusive to the Galapagos islands in Ecuador,
Throughout the past 65 million years, most animals have evolved to a point where they look and behave far differently from many of their ancestors. The crocodile, on the other hand, is one reptile that has changed very little in that period. When it comes to them, one has to look deeper into the past
Crocodiles are known for their exceptional speeds, and textbooks will tell you that they can commonly reach impressive speeds of up to 30 km/h in the case of the American crocodile. However, the unique way in which the crocodile uses its ability to move around on land makes it far less dangerous when outrunning it
The age of dinosaurs and large marine reptiles like the basilosaurus and shastasaurus are long gone. However, even after millions of years, marine reptiles are still quite threatening, despite the fact that they no longer reach 20 meters of length like the shastasaurus or 12-15 meters of giant pliosaurs. Species like the Indo-Pacific sea crocodile
All living marine reptiles today are descended from land reptile species from the Mesozoic era, however, only a few representatives of the four major groups of reptiles in existence have evolved to survive in salt water. Despite this fact, reptile diversity is remarkably high, and there are many marine reptiles that reproduce both on land
Even though they lack a diaphragm muscle, most reptiles do possess a diaphragm-like respiratory system, and they can breathe through the use of lungs. This is true of all reptiles, however, some have also evolved less common and highly specialized breathing methods that they use to prolong the amount of time they can spend underwater
The largest city and the capital of Antigua and Barbuda, St John has been an important center for commerce ever since it was established in 1632. Today, St John, Antigua, is not only the administrative center of the country, but also a tourist center that attracts lots of visitors interested in the long and rich
The capital of Grenada, St George is much more than a popular tourist destination – it is one of the most rapidly developing cities in the entire Caribbean area that has not only preserved its extraordinary, rich historical and natural heritage, but is also becoming a major center for commerce and culture. St George was
The capital of Puerto Rico, San Juan is one of the oldest European-established cities in the Americas, second only to Santo Domingo and also one of the most modern, most dynamically developing settlements in the Caribbean area. Originally founded by the Spanish in 1508, the settlement served as an important port for the ships traveling
The largest city of Guadeloupe that also serves as an economic center for the entire region is the perfect holiday destination not only for visitors interested in Caribbean history and culture, but also for those who want to explore the unique natural beauties of the Eastern Caribbean. The area where Point-A-Pitre is located now used
Founded by the French in the 1720’s, Kingstown is today not only the capital of St. Vincent, but also one of the most important commercial centers in the Caribbean area and a destination that has a lot to offer to visitors looking for an unforgettable vacation that combines activity and relaxation. One of the most
Castries is the capital of Saint Lucia, a beautiful island country located in the Lesser Antilles, where the Caribbean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean. The island was discovered by a French pirate who visited it frequently in the 1550’s. It became inhabited in the 1605 by British colonists, but it was soon abandoned again. Castries
The largest city and the capital of Barbados, Bridgetown is renowned not only for it rich cultural and historical heritage and its welcoming, laid-back atmosphere, but for its breathtakingly beautiful surroundings as well. Add the delicious fusion cuisine that makes the Caribbean such a favorite with foodies, and you will see why Bridgetown, Barbados, is
Basseterre, the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis, offers the visitor the best opportunity to explore the exotic beauty of the West Indies and the unique, relaxed atmosphere that dominates the Caribbean. With its population of 13,000, Basseterre is small, but certainly exciting. Founded in 1627, the city once served as the capital of the
Exploring the Underwater Marvels: A Guide to Diving in Aruba Diving in Aruba isn’t just an activity; it’s an unforgettable experience that etches itself into your memory with vibrant corals, diverse marine life, and the serene beauty of the underwater world. The clear turquoise waters of Aruba offer visibility that can extend up to 100
Right whales are among the largest baleen whales in existence. They can grow up to lengths of more than 60 feet, and their anatomy has distinctive features that set them apart from other species of whales. The callosities observed on right whales are one such characteristic. These are roughened patches of skin that can be
The whale species is known for its longevity. Many species of whales have individuals that live for numerous decades, and some can even survive for centuries. Depending on the specific species of whale, their known predators and the facts of their biology, typical life cycles can be different, and some whales will make it to
Whales can be found just about anywhere in the world. Numerous oceans and seas house the largest mammals in the world, and this goes both for toothed and baleen whales. When it comes to baleen whales in particular, it is important to consider the specific species of whale and their unique migration patterns and natural
Orcas, often referred to as killer whales, are one of the most feared predators in the sea. An apex predator, the orca has no known predators that are consistently able to hunt it. These animals are a species of large toothed whale belonging to the dolphin family, and their teeth are among the largest in
Blue whales are one of the few animals still in existence that is larger than the dinosaurs. A typical blue whale will measure up to 100 feet in length and weigh over 180 metric tons. It’s easy then to understand how this colossal mammal that once ruled the oceans is now closer and closer to
The actual behavior and abilities of deep water whale species like the pilot whale have previously been a mystery and a source of speculation for many scientists. Recently, however, researchers have discovered that pilot whales make remarkable dives down to a depth of more than 3,000 feet, and are even able to hunt and chase
Sperm whales are some of the largest predators in the sea. Aside from the killer whale, which is known as the only Cetacea which is known to successfully hunt, kill and feed on various species of sharks, sperm whales are one of the only other species believed to do so as well. Although sharks aren’t
While the distinction between one whale species and another is usually not too difficult to make, determining which whales are baleen whales and which ones have teeth can be somewhat challenging. Gray whales can easily be recognized because of their uniquely characteristic gray and white patterns, and unlike toothed whales, such as sperm whales, beaked
Despite being commonly associated with other species of sharks, which are highly predatory in nature, whale sharks are the opposite. They are peaceful, docile fish that never hunt anything larger than krill and copepods. When it comes down to their relationship with humans, whale sharks are extremely friendly, although not considered as interactive or intelligent
Beluga whales are an unusual species of whale whose origins and taxonomy have caused significant confusion throughout the years. Because of their close relation to dolphins and porpoises, many people believe it to be a dolphin, while others claim it has to be a whale. The complexity of the sea mammal’s cetacean roots, however, has
Reykjavik is quite possibly one of the world’s most unique cities. As the largest city and capital of Iceland, it is the world’s northernmost capital city and a popular destination for visitors from around the globe, as well as Iceland itself. The city is located on the southern shore of Faxa Bay in the southeast
Located in Enniskerry, Wicklow County, Ireland, and found on the river Dargle, the Powerscourt Waterfall is one of the country’s most important tourist attraction and a true wonder of nature. At just about 397 ft. (121 meters), it is the tallest waterfall in Ireland, and its proximity to the capital city of Dublin makes it
Located in the Straits of Florida, Key West is an island that can be found at the south of the Florida Keys and at a distance of about 90 km from Cuba. The island measures an area of only about 3,370 acres, and is primarily known for its rich history, historically significant Old Town, modern
Considered the third largest glacier in Iceland, the Hofsjökull Glacier measures more than 1760 meters at its summit, and it covers a massive area of about 925 square kilometers. The glacier is also a subglacial volcano that has been deemed as the largest volcano in Iceland. The dormant shield-type volcano is found in an area
The Gullfoss Waterfall is far more than just one of Iceland’s many unique natural wonders. This stunning 32-meter tall waterfall allows water to run down into a canyon in two stages, and has become one of the most famous natural sites that visitors to Iceland can see. However, it’s story is equally interesting as its
Freeport is a city and district in the northwest Bahamas on an island simply known as Grand Bahama. It was established as a free trade zone after the government of the Bahamas granted 50,000 acres of land to Virginian financier, Wallace Groves, with the purpose of economically developing the area. The city of Freeport took
The Dunguaire Castle is a tower house that dates back to the 16th century, and was erected on the southeastern shore of Galway Bay in Ireland. According to 19th century scholar John O’Donovan, the castle was initially built around the year 1520 by the O’ Hynes clan. The area is also known for sparking regionally
The area where Dublin is located has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and there are mentions of a settlement here as early as 140 AD, although the officially recognized year of its establishment was 988 AD. The Irish Capital has now become one of the most well-known cities in Europe, and is home to nearly
Found in the Caribbean Sea, Cozumel is a small island off Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. While the fact that it features impressive seaside landscapes and beaches, and that it’s situated only 82 km from Cancun and about 19 km away from the mainland makes it a popular tourist destination, the history of the island is equally
Found just south of the Village of Doolin, in the Irish region of Burren, the Cliffs of Moher are some of the country’s most remarkable coastal features. They rise slowly from Doolin, and reach a height of more than 700 feet (213 meters) above the sea level. Their length along the shoreline is of about
The thorny oyster, also known as spondylus, is a genus of clams, bivalve mollusks that are quite common in the waters of the Caribbean, especially between Brazil and the Carolinas. Spondylus species can also be found in the Indo-Pacific region, especially around Australia, China, Japan and the Philippines. They prefer coral reefs and rocky areas
The squamosa clam, also known as the scaly clam or the fluted giant clam is among the largest and hardiest species of clams known today. Common from the coasts of Africa, throughout the Indo-Pacific and all the way from the costs of Japan to Australia, squamosal clams are adaptable creatures, able to survive in various
The maxima clam, also known as the small giant clam, is a species of sessile mollusks common across the Indo-Pacific region. Their preferred habitat is on coral reefs – they usually live in well-lit areas, attached to the upper part of corals or in the sandy substrate. Maxima clams are relatively large, reaching the length
The Derasa clam, also known as the Southern giant clam or the smooth giant clam, is one of the largest species of mollusks that live in the world’s seas and oceans and also among the longest-lived marine creatures, often living to over 200 years. Native to the shallow waters of the reefs that surround Indonesia,
The boring clam, crocea clam, crocus clam, or better known to scientists and marine biologists as the Tridacna crocea, is a small creature with thick valves that usually features dim, gray and white colors, sometimes also containing a hint of yellow, orange or red. This species is a bivalve that belongs to the Tridacninae subfamily
The marine bivalve mollusk known as the electric flame scallop has earned its name due to its brilliant and entrancing light show that it produces on its mantle lip. Scientifically known as Ctenoides ales, it is a relatively small clam. Its additional nicknames include “electric clam,” “disco clam” and “disco scallop. Aside from being the
The Fascinating World of Slate Urchins Understanding the Slate Urchin: Nature’s Engineers In the depths of our oceans, an intriguing creature quietly goes about its business—meet the Slate Urchin. Also known by its scientific name, Heterocentrotus mammillatus, this remarkable marine echinoderm plays a vital role in our underwater ecosystems. In this article, we’ll delve into
The Fascinating World of the Pincushion Urchin In the ocean depths, a peculiar creature roams the seabed, adorned with a spiky appearance resembling a pincushion—meet the Pincushion Urchin! This article delves into the intriguing characteristics and ecological significance of this unique marine species. Unveiling the Pincushion Urchin Habitat and Behavior The Pincushion Urchin (Mespilia globulus)
Exploring the Mysteries of the Pencil Urchin Unveiling the Enigma of the Pencil Urchin If you’ve ever wondered about the intriguing sea creatures inhabiting our oceans, the Pencil Urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) surely deserves attention. These fascinating marine echinoderms possess a unique appearance and play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of underwater ecosystems. Let’s
Exploring the Long-Spined Urchin: A Fascinating Ocean Creature In the depths of our world’s oceans resides a creature both intriguing and vital to marine ecosystems—the Long-Spined Urchin. This unique sea creature, scientifically known as Diadema antillarum, plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of coral reefs. Let’s delve into the world of these fascinating
Belonging to the family Cucumariidae, the yellow sea cucumber, or Colochirus Robustus, is commonly known as the robust sea cucumber due to its strong, consistent appearance and thick protuberances resembling fingers or thick thorns. This creature is frequently spotted in the Indo-Pacific’s tropical regions, and normally keeps to shallower waters. Because of its distinctive appearance
The genus Cucumaria distinguishes from other genera of sea cucumbers through its members’ small to medium sizes, uniquely shaped branching tentacles and the ability to produce various toxins and substances that they use for defensive purposes. Dozens of species are part of this widespread genus, including better known specimens such as the orange sea cucumber,
The black sea cucumber is known in scientific circles as Holothuria leucospilota and can be described as a shallow water species found mostly in the waters of the Indo-Pacific, that is also part of the sub-genus Mertensiothuria. This Holothuria species can reach significant sizes, and its complex and unique defense mechanism is one of the
The crown of thornes is one of the few species of star fish that can grow up to sizes of more than 13 inches in its arm span. Also known as Acanthaster planci, this large and intimidating creature is a carnivorous predator that, however, preys mostly on coral polyps. Despite its strong natural defenses, the
Although the sand sifting starfish is known for eating detritus, it is actually an omnivore. Also known as Astropecten polyacanthus, it has the unique ability to eat just about all the fauna in its habitat. This quality is also the one responsible for the starfish’s distinctive name. The bland-colored sea star is known for the
The unique texture and colorful appearance of the chocolate chip sea star is something to be admired. Aptly named due to its brightly colored body and dark, protrusive horns, which make it look almost exactly like a star-shaped chocolate chip cookie, this creature stand out as one of the more visually appealing starfish in the
Although not technically a starfish, Ophiura ophiura, also known as the common brittlestar or the brittle starfish, is an echinoderm with a curious anatomy and features that set it apart from all other similar species of marine animals. The brittlestar can be yellow, light orange or dark brown in color, and they have thinner, more
Like many of its counterparts, the blue starfish is mainly known for its regenerative abilities. Over time, it has been observed to regenerate limbs that were damaged or broken off, healing even the most dire of injuries. The species can be either light or dark blue in color, and rarely grows to overly large sizes.
The Enigmatic Blood Shrimp: A Deep Dive into Its World Blood Shrimp, also known scientifically as Lysmata debelius, is a fascinating marine creature that has captivated the interest of aquarium enthusiasts and marine biologists alike. Renowned for its striking red coloration and intriguing behavior, the Blood Shrimp is more than just a beautiful addition to
What sets the Sally Lightfoot crab apart from other crabs is its ability to jump from rock to rock and display exceptional agility, even being capable of running in all four directions. This colorful creature is believed to have been named after a famous Latin dancer because of its speed, precision of movement and agility.
One of the most easily distinguishable traits of the emerald crab is its brightly colored emerald green body. This saltwater invertebrate, also known in scientific circles as Mithrax Sculptus, is a utilitarian marine creature that feeds on various types of algae, including bubble algae. It keeps its habitat clean, being one of the more crucial
The decorator crab is one of the more unique varieties of crab you will find in the ocean. Researchers refer to many of the species belonging to the superfamily Majoidea as decorator crabs, although not all the species fit the description. These crabs use a wide variety of materials to form their homes and a
Measuring the accurate great white shark weight for most specimens can be a difficult task, and larger great whites can be elusive as they typically spend most of their time at depths of more than 400 meters. Throughout the years, scientists have captured and measured several large specimens of great whites, some of which weighed
There are many questions left unanswered about great white shark reproduction, including how, where and under what circumstances young individuals hatch and develop. While the important role of great white sharks as part of the food chain and the ocean’s ecosystem is better known than ever, scientists have only gathered some vague information on their
Scientists have observed great white shark diet habits, developments and uncommon quirks for years, and they have gathered a great amount of data on the subject. We now know a great deal about how great whites attack, what types of animals they prey on, and which type of prey they tend to avoid. While some
Diving with great white sharks is not something one should do lightly. The process is extensive and the risks can be significant, even if great whites are normally shy around divers. Diving with a cage is the safest method. Researchers say that, while not unheard of, invading the waters of great whites without a cage
Vienna, the capital of Austria, was founded in 500 BC and became the residency of the Habsburg dynasty in 1440, serving as an important center for arts, politics, science and culture. It became the capital of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and the capital of the Republic of German-Austria after World War I. During World
Tulum is an ancient city of ruins located at a 150 km distance from Cancun, Mexico. Built during the 13th century by the Mayans, the city survived for many decades after the Spanish started occupying the area, but it eventually became deserted, partly because the population was infected with the diseases brought by the invaders
Officially called the Swiss Confederation, Switzerland was established in 1291. Well-known today for its armed neutrality, the country has not been involved in a war since the beginning of the 19th century, but before that it had been famous for its invincibility for centuries after its establishment. It was conquered by the French in 1798,
Bordered by Austria, Poland, Ukraine, Hungary and the Czech Republic, Slovakia is a small country that has become independent in the 1990’s, after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. According to archeological findings, the area that is now Slovakia was already populated in 270,000 BC! During the 2nd-3rd centuries AD , it was invaded by the Huns.
The largest of the Bay Islands around Honduras, Roatan had been inhabited by Maya, Paya and Lenca tribes way before it was discovered by Christopher Columbus during his fourth voyage, between 1502 and 1504. It was raided many times by the Spanish, who took the locals as slaves. Slave trade stopped when the local population
Paris is the capital and the largest city of France. Founded in the 3rd century by the Celts, it enjoyed continuous development during most of its history. By the 12th century, it was the largest city in Europe and home to one of the continent’s first universities, while also serving as royal residence and capital
Located close to the Bavarian Alps, on the banks of the Isar River, the German city of Munich looks back at a history almost 900 years long. It was granted city status in 1175 and was one of the most important and most prosperous commercial centers of the times. It became the capital of the
The city that provided the venue for the World Expo in 2015 and is the capital of Normandy, Italy, Milan was founded around 400 BC by the Celtic Insubres. It started flourishing after the Romans captured it in 222 BC, and it soon became the capital of the Western Roman Empire. It continued prospering during
London is one of the largest cities of the world today, and there is evidence that it was already inhabited in 4500 BC. The first major human settlement in the area dates back to 43 AD and was founded by the Romans. It was so prosperous that it became the capital of Britannia, but its
Located close to the Florida Keys, Key Largo is among the largest islands in the area. It was originally inhabited by several tribes, coming under Spanish rule in 1763. It was later traded for Havana to the British, then returned to the Spanish in 1783. It became U.S. territory in 1821. Being surrounded by dangerous
Bordered by Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria and Ukraine, Hungary is a small country with a rich history. It was founded in the 9th century, after having been previously occupied by Celts, Huns, Avars, Romans and Slavs. It converted to Christianity around 1000 AD, gradually rising to be a medium power in Central Europe.
The Grand Cayman Island was discovered by Sir Francis Drake in 1586, but there is archeological proof that the island had been inhabited much earlier, too. It was named after the alligators found there, but it was the turtles inhabiting the waters around it that attracted the visitors. The island was named a dependency of
Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and a settlement looking back at a history several millenniums long. According to some, it was founded by Hannibal’s father in the 3rd century BC, while others believe it is even older. It was conquered by foreign forces many times – in the 5th century by the
Scuba diving equipment is designed to offer divers the most practical benefits for breathing and navigating as easily as possible in the deepest regions of the ocean. In seawater, diving equipment needs to cover three basic necessities that make it a practical asset: breathing, safety and mobility. From flexible, lightweight scuba diving suits that also
Fire corals are grouped into the category of Milleporas. The Complanata is a type of coral otherwise known as “blade fire coral” found in the Caribbean, Florida and Bahamas ocean waters. It is brown to light creamy yellow in color, with white branch tips. They inhabit shallow water reef tops, covering rock and dead corals.
Millepora Alcicornis are a member of the fire coral belonging to the genus Millepora. They are tropical and subtropical, mostly found in the Caribbean Sea and in the Atlantic ocean. Alcicornis live attached to dead coral and rock on reefs in colonies spread over an area of several meters. This coral gets the nickname “fire
Millepora, or “fire coral,” can be found in varying habitats including deep reefs, reef flats and surf zones, but are restricted mainly to coral reefs. The coral is a common member of the Bermuda platform and across Caribbean reefs. It gets the name fire coral from the painful stings it can inflict on snorklers that
Most gorgonians will come attached to a base, which is the recommended format for purchase and is the first part of gorgonian care. If the tips of a gorgonian are dead (which means they have lost tissue from the stress of shipment or acclimation to a new environment), those areas should be removed immediately. An
The encrusting gorgonian (Latin name brianreum asbestinum) is a native of both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but are abundant in the coral reefs of the Western Atlantic Ocean, Southern Florida, Bahamas and Caribbean. Scientifically known as a member of the caribaoerum species, this is just one of many species within the Gorgonian family and
The blueberry gorgonian (Latin Guaiagorgia and a member of theAcalycigorgia species) is a native to the deep waters of Indonesia, and is one of the more unique and beautiful gorgonians. When compared with other corals and more specifically, gorgonians, the blueberry is one of the more recent species discovered in the reef community, and is
The tropics and subtropics of the Atlantic Ocean are home to almost 500 species of the Gorgonian Coral, a soft coral that is a member of the Anthozoa class. Although gorgonians can be found in sea waters all over the world, most originate near Florida, Bermuda and the West Indies, primarily in shallow water (some
The delicate Goniopora coral are often considered one of the harder corals to maintain in a marine aquarium, and are not recommended for beginners. Goniopora are typically rounded or oblong colonies with polyps that have 24 tentacles. The color most often seen is green, although the coral does come in more colorful variations such as
The popular Scroll Coral grows in either plate-like or curly, rolled patterns. This Coral, also referred to as Turbinaria, is found in the islands of the Indo-Pacific including Figi, Tonga, Solomon Islands and the Great Barrier Reef. These types of coral are readily accepted into the captive coral reefs, and are a favorite amongst hobbyists.
Slow-growing, long-lived and resilient, the coral species belonging to the Porites genus are widespread in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, in the West Pacific, around Australia and in the South China Sea as well. These corals are found in large colonies, in some cases they even form atolls of their own. Porites atolls
Also called brush corals or cauliflower corals, Pocillopora is a genus of hard corals living in the Indo-Pacific region. It is a large genus, comprising more than 15 species and one of the most widespread types of coral in the area. One of the reasons why they have become the dominant corals of many reefs
Exploring the Depths: A Guide to Scuba Diving Top Sites Diving into the deep blue is more than just a pastime; it’s an expedition into a world vastly different from our own. Scuba diving offers an unparalleled opportunity to explore the underwater realm, teeming with vibrant marine life, haunting wrecks, and awe-inspiring seascapes. With a
Found in the Indo-Pacific region, in the Red Sea and along the East coast of Africa to Japan, Pavona is a genus of corals that comprises a large number of sub-species of stony corals. Many live in large colonies in the shallow waters (maximum 15 meter deep), but some corals belonging to the genus have
Lobophyllia, also known as brain coral, lobed brain coral or lobed cactus coral, is a species of stony coral found in the Indo-Pacific region and not uncommon in the Red Sea either. These large, stony corals are especially resistant and hardy, often qualified as being disease-free, but they are also susceptible to the damages caused
When most people think about scuba diving dangers, they imagine large sharks closing in like in some of the popular horror movies they may have seen. The world of scuba diving, however, has far more prevalent and subtle hazards that have to be kept into account by everyone – and most especially beginners – attempting
The Yemen coral reefs are among the most spectacular of all reefs in the southern region of the Red Sea. The Yemen coast is 2,200km long, with one third of it in the Red Sea and the rest in the Gulf of Aden, with around one quarter of its total length supporting coral reefs that
Saudi Arabia coral reefs are varied not only in terms of biodiversity, but also in terms of shape and type. The Saudi coastline is around 1,800km long and it comprises small fringing reefs, elongated and round patches, pinnacles and ribbon barriers, with live coral populations covering more than half the area and being in continuous
The Qatar coral reefs are relatively extended, but they display a relatively low diversity in terms of species. Even so, with less than 20 coral species populating the area, these reefs offer home and shelter to numerous other extraordinary sea creatures. The waters along the Qatar coast line are very shallow, usually in the 1-4m
The Oman coral reefs are located along the southern coastline of the country, around small islands and in bays just off the shore of the mainland. The coral communities are diverse and scattered along the 1,700km shoreline. 107 different species have been discovered so far, out of which 15% are endemic species, with about 10%
Kuwait has the highest concentration of reefs in the entire Gulf, the Kuwait coral reefs being renowned for their variety and abundance of colorful marine life. The area boasts 35 different coral species, out of which 29 are reef-building species, contributing actively to the expansion of the reefs. Reefs can be found all along the
Exploring the Gentle Giants of the Ocean: Whale Sharks Whale sharks, known scientifically as Rhincodon typus, are the largest fish in the sea, yet despite their colossal size, they are known to be gentle giants. These magnificent creatures have fascinated scientists and ocean lovers alike with their unique filter-feeding habits and mysterious long-distance migrations. Unlike
A shortfin mako shark is a special species of shark known scientifically as Isurus oxyrinchus. A large type of mackerel shark, it is commonly placed into the same category as its close relative, the longfin mako, both species being generally referred to as mako sharks. Fast and agile, yet quite heavy and large, mako sharks
The oceanic whitetip shark is a unique species of fish that is known as quite a powerful predator. Carcharhinus longimanus, as it is known by its scientific name, or silvertip shark, as it is commonly referred to, the oceanic whitetip is a large pelagic requiem shark that usually inhabits certain tropical and temperate waters. Its
The megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) was completely unknown to science until November 15, 1976, when a US Navy research vessel hauled up its anchor near Hawaii and found a 4.5-meter shark tangled in the sea anchor. The discovery of an entirely new shark genus, family, and species of this size was extraordinary. Nearly five decades
The longfin mako shark is a powerful, large apex predator that we don’t know too much about. One of the problems that scientists are faced with when studying the longfin is that it has very few distinctive features and its almost complete similarity to the shortfin mako shark makes identification very difficult. Longfins have a
The bull shark is seen as one of the most dangerous predators in the ocean, and counted as one of the four species that are most likely to attack humans. Commonly found in the tropics and around the warmest regions of the world, bull sharks are quite prevalent, and unlike most sharks, they will venture
The bronze whaler – or copper shark, as it is also known – is considered to be one of the most highly efficient underwater hunters found in temperate waters. Quite large, slender, agile and intelligent, these sharks will work together to find food and even display complex social behavior. Found mainly in the northeastern and
Among sharks inhabiting the colder, lonelier depths of the ocean, none are as large, strong, fast or resilient as the blue shark. Known among scientists as Prionace glauca, this species of shark features a characteristically sharp, slim and aerodynamic shaped body; it can move quite fast, swimming long distances and not being tied to a
The blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) is one of the most common sharks of the warm coastal waters around the world. These medium size predators are frequently spotted by tourists doing their characteristic spinning jumps out of the water. They may look scary, but as a matter of fact they are quite timid, showing curiosity towards
The calm weather, the mild currents and the even temperatures that characterize the Gulf of Aqaba make the Jordan coral reefs a paradise for corals and numerous other marine species. The reef area is about 15 miles long and it hosts more than 100 species of hard corals, another more than 100 species of soft
Israel coral reefs are concentrated in the Eilat area and take up about 1,200 meters. Though the reef area is small compared to other reefs in the world, it is one of the most densely populated marine ecosystems on Earth – an area just as rich in corals as in other plant and animal species.
The group of sharks is extremely varied, with these complex and wonderful animals being widespread in a number of different aquatic habitats. Most shark species prefer warm waters and their diversity decreases slightly towards the colder regions, but they are very common in every ocean and sea around the world. They are actually so widespread
Sharks are certainly among the most diverse and most populous groups of aquatic creatures. They are varied in terms of size, diet, temperament, growth rate, even in terms of habitat choice, so it is probably easier to list features that are specific for each shark species than to find common traits, but there are some
The world’s seas and oceans can be taken for one huge shark habitat. Sharks are so resilient, so adaptable and they have so few predators that they have become widespread in all the salt waters of the world, what’s more, there are a few shark species that have colonized freshwater environments such as large rivers,
Sharks are known to be long-lived animals. Most species live for about 20-30 years, but there are species that live for a stunning 100 – 150 years. Sharks have behavioral, feeding and migratory patterns that make them extremely difficult to monitor in their natural habitat and they are known to live much shorter in captivity,
Mapping the world’s seas and oceans and determining the exact number of the shark species living in them is an on-going project. A few decades ago, scientists believed there are around 400 species of sharks in our seas, but now that estimate is around 500 species. The exact number of shark species existing today may
The dogfish sharks hold the record for having the largest estimated population in the world. They are not only populous and common, but gregarious as well – they frequently travel together, in packs of hundreds, sometimes even thousands. That’s where they got their name from, because they hunt in packs. Being so widespread, dogfish sharks
Sharks are among the most feared and, at the same time, the most beautiful and most complex creatures of the seas and oceans. They have a very bad reputation for being mean and aggressive creatures, but this is only a myth – as a matter of fact, there are only four species out of more
The natural habitat for more than 1,000 species of fish and at least 200 species of corals, the Egypt coral reefs are among the richest marine ecosystems in the world. Coral reefs around the Egypt coastline are found mainly in the North and in the South: Sharm El-Sheikh – the town is in the North,
Nephthyigorgia is a beautiful, brightly colored soft coral genus, a member of the family Nidaliidae. The exotic-looking brilliant coral is often referred to as the chili coral, and it also goes by many other names that make reference to its graceful and brilliant appearance, such as red finger soft coral, chili cactus coral or strawberry
A beautiful type of coral from the order Stylasterina, Distichopora – also known as lace coral – is a unique type of polyp that develops tiny, blunt branches of various colors. Unlike most corals that are a part of the class Anthozoa, lace corals belong to class Hydrozoa, featuring the distinctive characteristics associated with the
The waters surrounding Djibouti give home to some of the world’s most spectacular reef sites – most Djibouti coral reefs are located at the entrance to the Red Sea, right between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, an area characterized by strong currents and very special, rich marine ecosystems. There are a number of
The southern basin of the Arabian Gulf is a rough environment for corals; therefore, the species dwelling the Bahrain coral reefs are all extremely hardy and resilient. Diving these reefs is a truly unique experience – the volatile nature of the substrate creates a unique environment for the corals and causes them to form smaller,
Tanzania coral reefs are known for their beauty and remarkable, pristine condition. These reef formations are accompanied by stable water temperatures of around 25 degrees C (77 F) all year round, plenty of sunshine and good water clarity, being an excellent place for huge corals, as well as parrotfish, barracudas and potato cod – among
Soft corals are a special type of coral known for their unique, smaller skeletal structures and the lack of the large, distinctive skeletal growths that characterize most varieties of stony corals. Belonging to the Alcyonacea order in the subclass Ortocorallia, these special types of corals are mainly sessile animals, being firmly anchored into the seabed
Small-polyp stony (SPS) corals are among the most diverse and well-known types of corals found in the world’s oceans – they include many specific kinds of corals from the genera Pocillopora, Montipora and Stylophora. Their skeleton is slowly secreted by the epidermis found at the base of each polyp, and as in the case of
Large-polyp stony (LPS) corals are among the most diverse and beautiful coral formations in the ocean. The tiny animals responsible for these coral growths are quite different from each other, depending on the particular species involved. Some polyps may survive more easily farther beneath the surface, while others are commonly found closer to other coral
Corallimorphs are uniquely shaped cnidarians that resemble anemones and corals to a great extent, and feature some distinct properties that set them apart from other members of the phylum Cnidaria. Members of the same Anthozoa class that sea anemones belong to, these disc-shaped coral-like creatures feature a few dozen species that can be found in
The Sudan coral reefs are among the most pristine and beautiful in North Africa. Located in the Red Sea, where you can mostly find many of the strongest, most diverse and most resilient coral formations in the world, the reefs are a sanctuary for many stunning sea creatures, especially sharks. Sudan features beautiful underwater structures
When visiting South Africa, coral reefs are among the most significant attractions you can look for, especially in a country with hundreds of miles of coastlines spanning across two different oceans. A few interesting sites stand out as some of the most amazing reef formations in the region and on the African continent, South Africa
The Somalia coral reefs are somewhat unique not only due to the sheer size of their formations, as well as their pristine condition in most areas, but also because they feature a surprisingly significant variety for that specific side of the world, offering an excellent opportunity to thrive for many different types of marine creatures.
Near the small islands known as Seychelles, coral reefs can be located all around the region, strong granite reefs offering stable protection for patchwork and fringing coral reefs giving home to a wide variety of fascinating marine life. The coral reefs in the region are mainly formed of fringing reef structures that offer a stable
When it comes to the stunning beauty of the calming landscapes, beaches and waterfalls of Sao Tome and Principe, coral reefs are in the spotlight, protecting the small African twin-island state from the strong currents of the Atlantic. These beautiful reefs also support a wide variety of fish and various underwater creatures that are seldom