Last Updated on 02/18/2024

A shortfin mako shark is a special species of shark known scientifically as Isurus oxyrinchus. A large type of mackerel shark, it is commonly placed into the same category as its close relative, the longfin mako, both species being generally referred to as mako sharks. Fast and agile, yet quite heavy and large, mako sharks can survive in colder waters due to their special anatomical properties, but they are predominantly found in temperate and tropical waters.

Unlike in the case of most sharks, the mako species is able to swim relatively fast which makes them capable of attacking a considerable range of fish and other marine animals. Shortfins have been observed to feed mainly on cephalopods and bony fish, but some also eat other sharks, sea turtles or even sea birds. They hunt mainly through fast vertical lunges and by sinking their sharp teeth into their prey with great force and thrust. According to a recent study that has examined the contents of the stomachs of many shortfin mako shark specimens has pointed to the fact that the sharks generally prefer bluefish above all other species of fish, this fish accounting for about 70% of the sharks’ diet.

One of the main traits of these mako sharks is that they are extremely strong, robust and streamlined, being commonly associated with big game fishing. They are strong, fast and extremely active, while also being known for their large gill slits that allow them to breathe more easily, as well as their sharp vision and agile movements that can turn them into a deadly predator overall. Mako sharks are also warm blooded, featuring an endothermic circulatory system that is able to keep their blood at an elevated temperature even in the coldest waters.

There have been quite a few research studies that followed mako sharks and their longevity. While reaching sexual maturity around the age of 4-6 the sharks can live quite a long life, females in some cases reaching 32 years of age before dying, while males being associated with a maximum life span of about 29. Varied age measurements were common before it was known that shortfin makos deposit a regular number of growth bands per year, instead of two – a conclusion that led scientists to believe these sharks only lived up to 11 years in most cases. Shortfins, however, are now far more accurately estimated around a median age of 18-21 years.

Shortfins can be found in waters as deep as 150 meters, on most offshore regions of tropical and temperate waters worldwide. These species of sharks are rarely found in waters that are colder than 16 degrees C. Usually they can be found in the vicinity of swordfish, and they are prevalent in the waters of Argentina, the Gulf of Mexico, Nova Scotia and California. The speed and resilience of shortfin mako shark specimens has been noted by researchers, who have studied individual specimens and concluded that they are able of impressive endurance and speeds, traveling more than 2,000 km in just over a month, averaging about 50 km per day.

The Swift Predator of the Seas: Shortfin Mako Shark

Diving into the world of sharks, the Shortfin Mako Shark, scientifically known as Isurus oxyrinchus, stands out as a fascinating creature of the deep. This species is not just any shark; it’s renowned for its incredible speed and agility in the water. Imagine a creature so swift it can leap out of the water, performing acrobatic feats that rival those of marlins and other speedy fish. The Shortfin Mako Shark is truly a marvel of marine evolution, combining raw power with a streamlined design that slices through the ocean like a knife through butter.

Anatomy and Adaptations

Streamlined Body Design

The Shortfin Mako Shark’s body is a masterpiece of natural engineering. Its torpedo-shaped form and sleek skin, covered in tiny scales called dermal denticles, reduce drag and allow it to cut through the water with minimal effort. This design is crucial for its high-speed pursuits, reaching up to 60 mph (97 km/h) when hunting. The caudal fin, resembling a crescent moon, acts as a powerful propeller, providing the burst of speed necessary for catching swift prey.

Jaw Structure and Teeth

A closer look into the mouth of a Shortfin Mako reveals a set of large, sharp, and pointed teeth, unlike the serrated teeth of many other sharks. These teeth are designed for grabbing and holding onto slippery prey, such as tuna and swordfish. The jaw of the Mako is highly adapted for its diet, capable of opening wide to engulf its prey in a single, swift gulp. This dental adaptation, along with powerful jaw muscles, makes the Shortfin Mako an apex predator in its habitat.

Diet and Hunting Tactics

Feeding Habits

Shortfin Mako Sharks are not picky eaters, but they do have a preference for high-energy prey such as cephalopods, mackerels, bonitos, and other pelagic fish. Their diet reflects their need for energy to sustain their fast-paced lifestyle. The Mako uses its speed to its advantage, striking quickly and with precision, leaving little chance for escape. This high-speed hunting technique is a testament to their role as apex predators in the marine ecosystem.

Hunting Strategies

The hunting prowess of the Shortfin Mako Shark is not just about speed; it’s also about strategy. They often employ a hit-and-run tactic, striking their prey with such force that, even if the initial bite isn’t fatal, the shock and injury inflicted will slow their target down. This method of hunting is particularly effective in open waters, where the element of surprise can be a decisive factor in the hunt.

Habitat and Migration Patterns

Oceanic Domains

Shortfin Mako Sharks are truly global citizens of the ocean, found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide. They prefer offshore waters, from the surface down to depths of about 150 meters (490 feet). These areas, often along the edges of continental shelves, provide ample opportunities for hunting and are crucial for their survival.

Migration for Survival

Migration plays a significant role in the life of a Shortfin Mako Shark. These sharks are known to travel vast distances, possibly for mating, birthing, or in pursuit of food. Their migratory patterns are influenced by oceanic temperatures and the seasonal abundance of prey. Understanding these patterns is key to comprehending the ecological role of the Shortfin Mako and the challenges it faces in a changing ocean environment.

Interaction with Humans

Despite their fierce reputation, Shortfin Mako Sharks are not commonly known to attack humans. Most encounters occur in deep waters, usually involving fishermen. However, their speed and power make them formidable opponents on a fishing line, often sought after for sport fishing. It’s essential to approach interactions with respect and caution, recognizing the Shortfin Mako’s role in the marine ecosystem and its value beyond a trophy.

The Role in Marine Ecosystems

As apex predators, Shortfin Mako Sharks play a vital role in maintaining the health and balance of marine ecosystems. They regulate the populations of their prey, preventing any single species from becoming too dominant and disrupting the ecological equilibrium. This balance is crucial for the health of the oceans, and the presence of predators like the Mako is a sign of a healthy, functioning marine environment.

Challenges and Human Impact

The beauty and power of the Shortfin Mako Shark come with a set of challenges, especially from human activities. Overfishing and bycatch in commercial fishing operations pose significant threats to their populations. Understanding and mitigating these impacts is crucial for the conservation of this magnificent species, ensuring that future generations can continue to marvel at their speed and grace.

FAQs about Shortfin Mako Shark

What is the average lifespan of a Shortfin Mako Shark?

Shortfin Mako Sharks can live up to 30 years. However, determining their age can be challenging, as it often involves examining growth rings in their vertebrae, much like counting the rings of a tree.

How fast can a Shortfin Mako Shark swim?

The Shortfin Mako Shark is one of the fastest shark species, capable of reaching speeds up to 60 mph (97 km/h). This incredible speed makes it a formidable predator in the ocean.

Are Shortfin Mako Sharks dangerous to humans?

While Shortfin Mako Sharks are powerful predators, there are very few recorded incidents of them attacking humans. They generally inhabit deep waters and are not typically a threat to beachgoers.

What do Shortfin Mako Sharks eat?

Their diet mainly consists of pelagic fish like tuna, mackerel, and swordfish, but they also consume cephalopods and occasionally other sharks. Their feeding habits reflect their need for high-energy prey to sustain their active lifestyle.

How do Shortfin Mako Sharks reproduce?

Shortfin Mako Sharks are ovoviviparous, meaning their eggs hatch inside the female’s body, and she gives birth to live young. A single litter can contain between 4 and 18 pups, with a gestation period of approximately 15 to 18 months.